Object Oriented Programming is a way of writing computer programs by thinking about real-life objects. There are some basic concepts in Object Oriented Programming that are important to understand.
Classes are like blueprints for creating objects. A class defines the properties and methods that all objects of that type will have. For example, a Dog class might have properties like breed and age, and methods like bark and wag tail.
Objects are instances of a class. They are like real-life entities and interact with each other by calling methods. Each object has a state (its properties), behavior (its methods), and identity (a unique name).
Inheritance is when one class derives properties and characteristics from another class. The class that inherits is called a sub class, and the class it inherits from is called a super class. Inheritance allows for code reusability.
Polymorphism means having many forms. It allows for a message to be displayed in more than one form. For example, a method called Addition can have different parameters to add different numbers of integers.
Abstraction is the property of showing only essential details to the user. It helps reduce complexity and increase security. A real-life example is a person driving a car - they only need to know how to make the car go faster or slower, not how the car works internally.
Encapsulation is the idea of wrapping up data and code together. It is a way of protecting the data from being accessed by code outside of the class. Encapsulation can be achieved by making variables private and creating public methods to set and get their values. It helps improve data hiding, flexibility, and reusability.
In summary, Object Oriented Programming is a way of writing computer programs that models real-life objects. There are important concepts to understand like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. These concepts help make programs easier to write, test, and maintain.